Configure OpenVPN in bridge on OpenSUSE

OJD

hallo everyone, sorry for my english.

I try to configure OpenVPN on OpenSUSE Leap 15.1 in bridge mode, in order to set internal ip
to remote client (share client print device for internal software)

When start openVPN there is an error

OpenVPN ROUTE: failed to parse/resolve route for host/network: 192.168.1.15
OpenVPN ROUTE: OpenVPN needs a gateway parameter for a --route option and no default was specified by either --route-gateway or --ifconfig options

I've just configure OpenVPN in bridge mode on SUSE Entreprise Server 11 sp 3 without problems
(note SLES 11 use ifconfig deprecated in OpenSUSE.

I create appropriate openvpn script, placed in /etc/init.d in order to add tap and br interface on boot:

#!/bin/sh
# description: OpenVPN in Ethernet Bridge mode
#
# Copyright (c) 2003 SuSE Linux AG
#
# Author: Diego Abbati <diego.abbati@gmail.com>
#
# inspired by the init script contributed to the OpenVPN project by
# Peter Poeml <poeml@suse.de> and Douglas Keller <doug@voidstar.dyndns.org>
#
# $Id$
#
# /etc/init.d/openvpn
#   and its symbolic link
# /usr/sbin/rcopenvpn
#
### BEGIN INIT INFO
# Provides:                     openvpn
# Required-Start:               $syslog $remote_fs $network
# Should-Start:                 $syslog $time $named
# Required-Stop:                $syslog $remote_fs $network
# Should-Stop:                  $syslog $time $named
# Default-Start:                3 5
# Default-Stop:                 0 1 2 6
# Short-Description:            OpenVPN tunnel in Bridge mode
# Description:                  Start OpenVPN tunnel in Bridge mode
#                               by managing Ethernet configuration
### END INIT INFO

PATH=/sbin:/usr/sbin:/bin:/usr/bin
DESC="OpenVPN in Ethernet Bridge mode"
NAME=openvpn
PIDFILE=/run/openvpn/openvpn.pid
SCRIPTNAME=/etc/init.d/openvpn
DAEMON="OpenVPN"
openvpn=/usr/sbin/openvpn
confdir=/etc/openvpn
piddir=/run/openvpn


############################################
# Set up Ethernet bridge on Linux.
# Requires:
#         - bridge-utils
#         - ifconfig command or ip command
############################################
# Define Bridge Interface
br="br0"

# Define list of TAP interfaces to be bridged,
# for example tap="tap0 tap1 tap2".
tap="tap0"

# Define physical ethernet interface to be bridged
# with TAP interface(s) above.
eth="eth0"
eth_ip="192.168.1.71"
eth_netmask="255.255.254.0"
eth_netmask_len="23"
eth_broadcast="192.168.255.255"
eth_gateway="192.168.1.2"


############################################
# Test openvpn installation and
#  execution folder
############################################
test -d $piddir || mkdir $piddir

test -x $openvpn || {
                echo 1>&2 "$openvpn not installed"
        if test "$1" == "stop" ; then exit 0 ; else exit 5 ; fi
}


# Shell functions sourced from /etc/rc.status:
#      rc_check         check and set local and overall rc status
#      rc_status        check and set local and overall rc status
#      rc_status -v     ditto but be verbose in local rc status
#      rc_status -v -r  ditto and clear the local rc status
#      rc_failed        set local and overall rc status to failed
#      rc_failed <num>  set local and overall rc status to <num><num>
#      rc_reset         clear local rc status (overall remains)
#      rc_exit          exit appropriate to overall rc status
. /etc/rc.status

# Reset status of this service
rc_reset

# Return values acc. to LSB for all commands but status:
# 0 - success
# 1 - generic or unspecified error
# 2 - invalid or excess argument(s)
# 3 - unimplemented feature (e.g. "reload")
# 4 - insufficient privilege
# 5 - program is not installed
# 6 - program is not configured
# 7 - program is not running
#
# Note that starting an already running service, stopping
# or restarting a not-running service as well as the restart
# with force-reload (in case signalling is not supported) are
# considered a success.

shopt -s nullglob
ret=true

case "$1" in
  start)
        echo -n "Starting Ethernet Bridge for OpenVPN "
        for t in $tap; do
            openvpn --mktun --dev $t
        done

        brctl addbr $br
        brctl addif $br $eth

        for t in $tap; do
            brctl addif $br $t
        done

        for t in $tap; do
            ## ifconfig Version:
            #ifconfig $t 0.0.0.0 promisc up

            ## ip address Version:
            ip address add 0.0.0.0/32 dev $t
            ip link set dev $t promisc on
            ip link set dev $t up
        done


        ############################################
        # Modify IP address to  $eth  interface    #
        ############################################
        ## ifconfig Version:
        #ifconfig $eth 0.0.0.0 promisc up

        ## ip address Version:
        ip address del $eth_ip/$eth_netmask_len dev $eth
        ip address add 0.0.0.0/23 dev $eth
        ip link set dev $eth promisc on


        ############################################
        # Set IP to  $br  bridge interface         #
        ############################################
        ## ifconfig Version:
        #ifconfig $br $eth_ip netmask $eth_netmask broadcast $eth_broadcast

        ## ip address Version:
        ip address add $eth_ip/$eth_netmask_len broadcast $eth_broadcast dev $br
        ip link set dev $br up

        sleep 1


        ############################################
        # Set Default Gateway to  $br  interface   #
        ############################################
        ## ifconfig Version:
        #route add default gw $eth_gateway

        ## ip address Version:
        sleep 1
        ip route add default via $eth_gateway dev $br


        ############################################
        # Enabble  $br  bridge interface           #
        ############################################
        ## ifconfig Version:
        ## Just enabled with command
        ## ifconfig $br $eth_ip netmask $eth_netmask broadcast $eth_broadcast

        ## ip address Version:
        ip address save dev $br permanent up



        ############################################
        # OJD Start - Start OpenVPN Server - service
        ############################################
        echo -n "Starting $DAEMON "

        /sbin/modprobe tun &>/dev/null

        for conf in $confdir/*.conf; do
                pidfile=$piddir/$(basename "${conf%%.conf}").pid
                if [ -e "$pidfile" ]; then
                        killproc -p "$pidfile" -USR2 $openvpn
                        s=$?
                        case $s in
                        0)  continue             ;; # no an error
                        7)  rm -f "$pidfile"     ;; # not running
                        *)  ret=false ; continue ;;
                        esac
                fi

                $openvpn --daemon \
                        --writepid "$pidfile" \
                        --config "$conf" \
                        --cd $confdir \
                        || ret=false
        done

#DAEMON="OpenVPN"
#openvpn=/usr/sbin/openvpn
#confdir=/etc/openvpn
#piddir=/run/openvpn
#
#
# %i = openvpn
#ExecStart=/usr/sbin/openvpn --daemon --suppress-timestamps --writepid /run/openvpn/%i.pid --cd /etc/openvpn/ --config %
i.conf
#ExecReload=/sbin/killproc -p /run/openvpn/%i.pid -HUP /usr/sbin/openvpn

# /usr/lib/systemd/system> vi openvpn@.service
#
# [Unit]
# Description=OpenVPN tunneling daemon instance using /etc/openvpn/%I.conf
# After=network.target
# PartOf=openvpn.target
#
# [Service]
# Type=forking
# PrivateTmp=true
# PIDFile=/run/openvpn/%i.pid
# ExecStart=/usr/sbin/openvpn --daemon --suppress-timestamps --writepid /run/openvpn/%i.pid --cd /etc/openvpn/ --config
%i.conf
# ExecReload=/sbin/killproc -p /run/openvpn/%i.pid -HUP /usr/sbin/openvpn
#
# [Install]
# WantedBy=multi-user.target openvpn.target


        # Remember status and be verbose
        $ret
        rc_status -v

        ############################################
        # OJD Stop  - Start OpenVPN Server - service
        ############################################
        ;;
  stop)
        ############################################
        # OJD Start - Stop  OpenVPN Server - service
        ############################################
        echo -n "Shutting down $DAEMON "

        ## Stop daemon with killproc(8) and if this fails
        ## set echo the echo return value.

        for i in $piddir/*.pid; do
                killproc -p "$i" $openvpn || ret=false
        done


        ############################################
        # OJD Stop  - Stop  OpenVPN Server - service
        ############################################


        echo -n "Reset Ethernet Configuration "

        ############################################
        # Remove Def. Gateway to  $br  interface   #
        ############################################
        ## ifconfig Version:
        #ifconfig $br down

        ## ip address Version:
        ip route del default via $eth_gateway dev $br
        ip link set dev $br down


        ############################################
        # Remove  $br  bridge interface            #
        ############################################
        brctl delbr $br


        ############################################
        # Remove Other  $tap  interface            #
        ############################################
        for t in $tap; do
            ## ifconfig Version:
            #ifconfig $t 0.0.0.0 promisc down

            ## ip address Version:
            ip link set dev $t down
            ip link set dev $t promisc off
            ip address del 0.0.0.0/32 dev $t

            openvpn --rmtun --dev $t
        done

        ############################################
        # Set IP to  $eth  interface               #
        ############################################
        ## ifconfig Version:
        #ifconfig $eth $eth_ip netmask $eth_netmask broadcast $eth_broadcast

        ## ip address Version:
        ip link set dev $eth promisc off
        ip address del 0.0.0.0/23 dev $eth
        ip address add $eth_ip/$eth_netmask_len broadcast $eth_broadcast dev $eth
        ip link set dev $eth up


        ############################################
        # Set Default Gateway to  $eth  interface  #
        ############################################
        ## ifconfig Version:
        #route add default gw $eth_gateway

        ## ip address Version:
        ip route add default via $eth_gateway dev $eth
        #ip route add 192.168.1.0/23 dev eth1


        # Remember status and be verbose
        $ret
        rc_status -v
        ;;
  restart)
        $0 stop
        sleep 3
        $0 start

        # Remember status and be quiet
        rc_status
        ;;
  status)
        # Remember status and be verbose
        #rc_status -v

        echo -n "Checking for $DAEMON: "
        running=false
        for i in $piddir/*.pid; do
                running=true
                killproc -p "$i" -USR2 $openvpn || { rv=$?; ret=false; }
        done

        if $running; then
                $ret
                rc_status -v
                echo Status written to /var/log/messages
        else
                rc_failed 3
                rc_status -v
        fi
        ;;
  *)
        echo "Usage: $NAME {start|stop|restart|status}"
        exit 1
esac
rc_exit
exit 0

my /etc/openvpn/server.conf is

#################################################
# Sample OpenVPN 2.0 config file for #
# multi-client server. #
# #
# This file is for the server side #
# of a many-clients <-> one-server #
# OpenVPN configuration. #
# #
# OpenVPN also supports #
# single-machine <-> single-machine #
# configurations (See the Examples page #
# on the web site for more info). #
# #
# This config should work on Windows #
# or Linux/BSD systems. Remember on #
# Windows to quote pathnames and use #
# double backslashes, e.g.: #
# "C:\\Program Files\\OpenVPN\\config\\foo.key" #
# #
# Comments are preceded with '#' or ';' #
#################################################

# Which local IP address should OpenVPN
# listen on? (optional)
;local a.b.c.d

# Which TCP/UDP port should OpenVPN listen on?
# If you want to run multiple OpenVPN instances
# on the same machine, use a different port
# number for each one. You will need to
# open up this port on your firewall.
port 1194

# TCP or UDP server?
;proto tcp
proto udp

# "dev tun" will create a routed IP tunnel,
# "dev tap" will create an ethernet tunnel.
# Use "dev tap0" if you are ethernet bridging
# and have precreated a tap0 virtual interface
# and bridged it with your ethernet interface.
# If you want to control access policies
# over the VPN, you must create firewall
# rules for the the TUN/TAP interface.
# On non-Windows systems, you can give
# an explicit unit number, such as tun0.
# On Windows, use "dev-node" for this.
# On most systems, the VPN will not function
# unless you partially or fully disable
# the firewall for the TUN/TAP interface.
;dev tap
;dev tun
dev tap0

# Windows needs the TAP-Win32 adapter name
# from the Network Connections panel if you
# have more than one. On XP SP2 or higher,
# you may need to selectively disable the
# Windows firewall for the TAP adapter.
# Non-Windows systems usually don't need this.
;dev-node MyTap
;dev-node tap-bridge

# SSL/TLS root certificate (ca), certificate
# (cert), and private key (key). Each client
# and the server must have their own cert and
# key file. The server and all clients will
# use the same ca file.
#
# See the "easy-rsa" directory for a series
# of scripts for generating RSA certificates
# and private keys. Remember to use
# a unique Common Name for the server
# and each of the client certificates.
#
# Any X509 key management system can be used.
# OpenVPN can also use a PKCS #12 formatted key file
# (see "pkcs12" directive in man page).
ca /etc/openvpn/easy-rsa/2.0/keys/ca.crt
cert /etc/openvpn/easy-rsa/2.0/keys/server.crt
key /etc/openvpn/easy-rsa/2.0/keys/server.key # This file should be kept secret

# Diffie hellman parameters.
# Generate your own with:
# openssl dhparam -out dh2048.pem 2048
;dh dh2048.pem
dh /etc/openvpn/easy-rsa/2.0/keys/dh2048.pem

# Network topology
# Should be subnet (addressing via IP)
# unless Windows clients v2.0.9 and lower have to
# be supported (then net30, i.e. a /30 per client)
# Defaults to net30 (not recommended)
;topology subnet

# Configure server mode and supply a VPN subnet
# for OpenVPN to draw client addresses from.
# The server will take 10.8.0.1 for itself,
# the rest will be made available to clients.
# Each client will be able to reach the server
# on 10.8.0.1. Comment this line out if you are
# ethernet bridging. See the man page for more info.
;server 10.8.0.0 255.255.255.0

# Maintain a record of client <-> virtual IP address
# associations in this file. If OpenVPN goes down or
# is restarted, reconnecting clients can be assigned
# the same virtual IP address from the pool that was
# previously assigned.
ifconfig-pool-persist ipp.txt

# Configure server mode for ethernet bridging.
# You must first use your OS's bridging capability
# to bridge the TAP interface with the ethernet
# NIC interface. Then you must manually set the
# IP/netmask on the bridge interface, here we
# assume 10.8.0.4/255.255.255.0. Finally we
# must set aside an IP range in this subnet
# (start=10.8.0.50 end=10.8.0.100) to allocate
# to connecting clients. Leave this line commented
# out unless you are ethernet bridging.
;server-bridge 10.8.0.4 255.255.255.0 10.8.0.50 10.8.0.100
; ServerIP Netmask (/23) Dynamic IP range
server-bridge 192.168.1.71 255.255.254.0 192.168.255.41 192.168.255.80

# Configure server mode for ethernet bridging
# using a DHCP-proxy, where clients talk
# to the OpenVPN server-side DHCP server
# to receive their IP address allocation
# and DNS server addresses. You must first use
# your OS's bridging capability to bridge the TAP
# interface with the ethernet NIC interface.
# Note: this mode only works on clients (such as
# Windows), where the client-side TAP adapter is
# bound to a DHCP client.
;server-bridge

# Push routes to the client to allow it
# to reach other private subnets behind
# the server. Remember that these
# private subnets will also need
# to know to route the OpenVPN client
# address pool (10.8.0.0/255.255.255.0)
# back to the OpenVPN server.
;push "route 192.168.10.0 255.255.255.0"
;push "route 192.168.20.0 255.255.255.0"

# To assign specific IP addresses to specific
# clients or if a connecting client has a private
# subnet behind it that should also have VPN access,
# use the subdirectory "ccd" for client-specific
# configuration files (see man page for more info).

# EXAMPLE: Suppose the client
# having the certificate common name "Thelonious"
# also has a small subnet behind his connecting
# machine, such as 192.168.40.128/255.255.255.248.
# First, uncomment out these lines:
;client-config-dir ccd
;route 192.168.40.128 255.255.255.248

# Then create a file ccd/Thelonious with this line:
# iroute 192.168.40.128 255.255.255.248
# This will allow Thelonious' private subnet to
# access the VPN. This example will only work
# if you are routing, not bridging, i.e. you are
# using "dev tun" and "server" directives.

# EXAMPLE: Suppose you want to give
# Thelonious a fixed VPN IP address of 10.9.0.1.
# First uncomment out these lines:
;client-config-dir ccd
;route 10.9.0.0 255.255.255.252
client-config-dir /etc/openvpn/ccd
route 192.168.1.14 255.255.254.0 #paoapplacolo OJD MAN-PAOLONI Appignano Activate;
route 192.168.1.15 255.255.254.0 #paoappdieabb OJD MAN-PAOLONI Appignano Activate;
route 192.168.1.16 255.255.254.0 #paoappcadrom OJD MAN-PAOLONI Appignano Activate;
route 192.168.1.17 255.255.254.0 #paoappromuff OJD MAN-PAOLONI Appignano Activate;
route 192.168.1.18 255.255.254.0 #paoappmarmen OJD MAN-PAOLONI Appignano Activate;
route 192.168.1.19 255.255.254.0 #paoappdog2ro OJD MAN-PAOLONI Appignano Activate;
route 192.168.1.20 255.255.254.0 #paoappdaniel OJD MAN-PAOLONI Appignano Activate;
route 192.168.1.134 255.255.254.0 #paoappmagacc OJD MAN-PAOLONI Appignano Activate;
route 192.168.1.135 255.255.254.0 #paoappmagfin OJD MAN-PAOLONI Appignano Activate;
# Then add this line to ccd/Thelonious:
# ifconfig-push 10.9.0.1 10.9.0.2

# Suppose that you want to enable different
# firewall access policies for different groups
# of clients. There are two methods:
# (1) Run multiple OpenVPN daemons, one for each
# group, and firewall the TUN/TAP interface
# for each group/daemon appropriately.
# (2) (Advanced) Create a script to dynamically
# modify the firewall in response to access
# from different clients. See man
# page for more info on learn-address script.
;learn-address ./script

# If enabled, this directive will configure
# all clients to redirect their default
# network gateway through the VPN, causing
# all IP traffic such as web browsing and
# and DNS lookups to go through the VPN
# (The OpenVPN server machine may need to NAT
# or bridge the TUN/TAP interface to the internet
# in order for this to work properly).
;push "redirect-gateway def1 bypass-dhcp"
;push "redirect-gateway 192.160.1.2" #TEST
;push "redirect-gateway autolocal" #TEST
push "redirect-gateway"

# Certain Windows-specific network settings
# can be pushed to clients, such as DNS
# or WINS server addresses. CAVEAT:
# http://openvpn.net/faq.html#dhcpcaveats
# The addresses below refer to the public
# DNS servers provided by opendns.com.
;push "dhcp-option DNS 208.67.222.222"
;push "dhcp-option DNS 208.67.220.220"
;push "dhcp-option DNS 91.80.35.134" #Vodafone;
;push "dhcp-option DNS 91.80.35.166" #Vodafone;
;push "dhcp-option DNS 46.23.197.135" #Wispone;
;push "dhcp-option DNS 8.8.8.8" #Wispone;
push "dhcp-option DNS 85.18.200.200" #Fastweb;
push "dhcp-option DNS 89.97.140.140" #Fastweb;

# Uncomment this directive to allow different
# clients to be able to "see" each other.
# By default, clients will only see the server.
# To force clients to only see the server, you
# will also need to appropriately firewall the
# server's TUN/TAP interface.
;client-to-client
client-to-client

# Uncomment this directive if multiple clients
# might connect with the same certificate/key
# files or common names. This is recommended
# only for testing purposes. For production use,
# each client should have its own certificate/key
# pair.
#
# IF YOU HAVE NOT GENERATED INDIVIDUAL
# CERTIFICATE/KEY PAIRS FOR EACH CLIENT,
# EACH HAVING ITS OWN UNIQUE "COMMON NAME",
# UNCOMMENT THIS LINE OUT.
;duplicate-cn

# The keepalive directive causes ping-like
# messages to be sent back and forth over
# the link so that each side knows when
# the other side has gone down.
# Ping every 10 seconds, assume that remote
# peer is down if no ping received during
# a 120 second time period.
keepalive 10 120

# For extra security beyond that provided
# by SSL/TLS, create an "HMAC firewall"
# to help block DoS attacks and UDP port flooding.
#
# Generate with:
# openvpn --genkey --secret ta.key
#
# The server and each client must have
# a copy of this key.
# The second parameter should be '0'
# on the server and '1' on the clients.
;tls-auth ta.key 0 # This file is secret

;script-security 2 #Disabled with SLES or OpenSUSE <= 12.3
script-security 2 #MUST BE Enabled with openSUSE post-12.3
;auth-user-pass-verify openvpn-verify.sh via-file
;auth-user-pass-verify ./openvpn-verify.sh via-file #With SLES or OpenSUSE <= 12.3
auth-user-pass-verify /etc/openvpn/openvpn-verify.sh via-file #With openSUSE post-12.3
tmp-dir /etc/openvpn/tmpdir
;auth-user-pass-optional # Allow connections by clients that do not specify a username/password
;client-cert-not-required # Don't require client certificate, client will authenticate using username/password only.
;username-as-common-name # without this openvn will use cn in the certificate as username

# Select a cryptographic cipher.
# This config item must be copied to
# the client config file as well.
# Note that 2.4 client/server will automatically
# negotiate AES-256-GCM in TLS mode.
# See also the ncp-cipher option in the manpage
cipher AES-256-CBC

# Enable compression on the VPN link and push the
# option to the client (2.4+ only, for earlier
# versions see below)
;compress lz4-v2
;push "compress lz4-v2"

# For compression compatible with older clients use comp-lzo
# If you enable it here, you must also
# enable it in the client config file.
;comp-lzo
comp-lzo

# The maximum number of concurrently connected
# clients we want to allow.
;max-clients 100
max-clients 20

# It's a good idea to reduce the OpenVPN
# daemon's privileges after initialization.
#
# You can uncomment this out on
# non-Windows systems.
user nobody
group nobody

# The persist options will try to avoid
# accessing certain resources on restart
# that may no longer be accessible because
# of the privilege downgrade.
persist-key
persist-tun

# Output a short status file showing
# current connections, truncated
# and rewritten every minute.
status openvpn-status.log

# By default, log messages will go to the syslog (or
# on Windows, if running as a service, they will go to
# the "\Program Files\OpenVPN\log" directory).
# Use log or log-append to override this default.
# "log" will truncate the log file on OpenVPN startup,
# while "log-append" will append to it. Use one
# or the other (but not both).
;log openvpn.log
;log-append openvpn.log

# Set the appropriate level of log
# file verbosity.
#
# 0 is silent, except for fatal errors
# 4 is reasonable for general usage
# 5 and 6 can help to debug connection problems
# 9 is extremely verbose
verb 3

# Silence repeating messages. At most 20
# sequential messages of the same message
# category will be output to the log.
;mute 20

# Notify the client that when the server restarts so it
# can automatically reconnect.
explicit-exit-notify 1

can anyone help me?

TinCanTech

Don't use a bridged network and learn about IPv4 network/subnet.

OJD

Tthanks TinCanTech for your reply

I must use OpenVPN in bridge mode because some remote client share printer in order to print from ERP;
so i must set internal IP ie. 192.168.1.15 in order to enable printer redirection from ERP server to remote client.

My network is:
ID 192.168.1.0/23 (netmask 255.255.254.0)
IPv4 Range from 192.168.1.1 to 192.168.2.254

I've just configure OpenVPN in bridge mode on Suse Linux Enterprise Server 11 SP 3 without problem....

tap0, eth0 and br0 are UP.

When remote client connect to the vpn, the client receive appropriate ip and netmask (ie. 192.168.1.15/23) but not have access to network (ie can't login to ERP Server 192.168.1.90).

TinCanTech

The problem isn't openvpn because openvpn is up and working.

The problem is that you do not know how to configure your network.

You can read the Howto for help because we all have to read the Howto eventually.

You can contact me privately for support with your network infra-structure, if you wish.

tincanteksup <at> gmail

OJD

Thanks TinCanTech,
what does it mean "you do not know how to configure your network"?

I've just configure openVPN on Suse Linux Enterprise server 11 SP03 with no problem.
I use the same network configuration (other id) in bridge mode...

TinCanTech

OJD wrote ie can't login to ERP Server

The usual debugging tools apply: ping, string, sticky tape and glue .. :mrgreen: