I initially thought this was a routing problem, but it turned out to be an iptables issue stemming from my having previously limited all outbound traffic from DHCP clients to tun11 (and then forgetting that I'd done so :roll: ). The client was trying to respond to connection requests, but the packets were being blocked by that rule. I kept my existing rules and got ssh connectivity back by allowing the client in question access to the other OpenVPN subnet by adding this rule:
iptables -I FORWARD -p tcp --sport 22 -s 10.1.1.150 -d 10.8.0.0/24 -j ACCEPT